The following is a list of independent published research concerning the potential health benefits of Trigonelline. Abstracts are available by emailing sales@coffeeberry.org.

Trigonelline Studies

1. Anal Sci. 2004 Feb;20(2):325-8. Determination of biologically active substances in roasted coffees using a diode-array HPLC system.Minamisawa M, Yoshida S, Takai N.

2. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;58(9):1253-6 Trigonelline is not responsible for the acute increase in plasma homocysteine following ingestion of instant coffee.Slow S, Miller WE, McGregor DO, Lee MB, Lever M, George PM, Chambers ST.

3. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 17;51(26):7568-75 Effects of coffee components on the response of GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.Hossain SJ, Aoshima H, Koda H, Kiso Y.

4. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2003 Apr;38(4):279-82 [Determination of trigonelline by HPLC and study on its pharmacokinetics]. [Article in Chinese]Zhao HQ, Qu Y, Wang XY, Lu XY, Zhang XH, Hattori M.

5. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2003;83(2):175-81. Related Articles, Links Assessment of antimicrobial activity of hydrophilic betaines in osmotically stressed bacteria.Peddie BA, Wood JE, Lever M, Happer DA, de Zwart F, Chambers ST.

6. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2002 Mar;27(3):194-6[Determination of trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum by HPLC][Article in Chinese]Zhao HQ, Qu Y, Wang XY, Zhang HJ, Li FM, Masao H.

7. Int J Exp Diabetes Res. 2001;2(2):91-9 In vitro effect of fenugreek extracts on intestinal sodium-dependent glucose uptake and hepatic glycogen phosphorylase A.Al-Habori M, Raman A, Lawrence MJ, Skett P.

8. Phytochem Anal. 2002 Jul-Aug;13(4):189-94 Development of an analytical method for the determination of betaines in higher plants by capillary electrophoresis at low pH.Zhang J, Nishimura N, Okubo A, Yamazaki S.

9. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Mar;66(3):641-5Radical scavenging activities of niacin-related compounds.Ogata S, Takeuchi M, Teradaira S, Yamamoto N, Iwata K, Okumura K, Taguchi H.

10. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Feb 27;50(5):1225-9Antiadhesive effect of green and roasted coffee on Streptococcus mutans' adhesive properties on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads.Daglia M, Tarsi R, Papetti A, Grisoli P, Dacarro C, Pruzzo C, Gazzani G.

11. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Feb 27;50(5):1200-6 Alkylpyridiniums. 2. Isolation and quantification in roasted and ground coffees.Stadler RH, Varga N, Milo C, Schilter B, Vera FA, Welti DH.

12. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Feb 27;50(5):1192-9Alkylpyridiniums. 1. Formation in model systems via thermal degradation of trigonelline.Stadler RH, Varga N, Hau J, Vera FA, Welti DH.

13. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Aug;48(8):3420-4 Discriminate analysis of roasted coffee varieties for trigonelline, nicotinic acid, and caffeine content.Casal S, Oliveira MB, Alves MR, Ferreira MA.

14. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Jul;22(7):679-82 Trigonelline-induced neurite outgrowth in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.Tohda C, Nakamura N, Komatsu K, Hattori M.

15. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1999 May;11(3-4):293-6 Inhibitors of bacterial growth in urine: what is the role of betaines?Chambers ST, Peddie BA, Randall K, Lever M.

16. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998 Mar 1;160(1):25-30Osmoprotective properties and accumulation of betaine analogues by Staphylococcus aureus.Peddie BA, Wong-She J, Randall K, Lever M, Chambers ST.

17. Mutat Res. 1997 Jul 14;391(3):171-7 Trigonelline, a naturally occurring constituent of green coffee beans behind the mutagenic activity of roasted coffee?Wu X, Skog K, Jagerstad M.

18. FEBS Lett. 1996 Feb 12;380(1-2):188-93UV-B- and oxidative stress-induced increase in nicotinamide and trigonelline and inhibition of defensive metabolism induction by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor in plant tissue.Berglund T, Kalbin G, Strid A, Rydstrom J, Ohlsson AB.

19. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1994 Sep;199(3):198-200 Trigonelline in coffee. II. Content of green, roasted and instant coffee.Stennert A, Maier HG.

20. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1993 May;196(5):430-4[Trigonelline in coffee. I. Comparison of thin layer chromatography with high-performance liquid chromatography. Simultaneous determination of caffeine][Article in German]Stennert A, Maier HG.

21. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984;158:91-147; Review.The chemical components of coffee.Spiller MA.

22. J Sci Food Agric. 1983 Mar;34(3):300-6. Determination of purine alkaloids and trigonelline in instant coffee and other beverages using high performance liquid chromatography.Trugo LC, Macrae R, Dick J.AntiCancer and AntiTumor.